Employing in Japan

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Expanding into
Japan

Expanding to countries such as Japan – which is characterized by a productive and international workforce, multifaceted employment and tax laws, a robust infrastructure network linking to the rest of Asia, and leading sectors in services, manufacturing, high technology, consumer products, life sciences, and agriculture – can bring both excitement to the possibilities, but also significant stress to ensuring the entity with the country’s rigorous legal structures and laws.

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Global Expansion is a step to make for any business, regardless of your goal. But the opportunities that can come with an expansion can be stimulating as well as intimidating and confusing, especially when you consider all of the registration procedures that need to be done and the documentation required.

Going at it without the proper support can increase the costs, time and risks involved.

The legwork and potential red tape can be worked through more efficiently and cost-effectively with the support of a Professional Employer Organisation (PEO) such as Bradford Jacobs, primarily through our Employer of Record (EOR) framework.

It can be best utilised when businesses are just beginning their expansion process and require more information before incorporating an entity and fully establishing themselves in that market.

Country EOR Guide - Bradford Jacobs

Download our Guide to Japan

Learn all about expanding into Japan and see what we can do to make your expansion easier.

Download our Guide to Japan

Learn all about expanding into Japan and see what we can do to make your expansion easier.

Country EOR Guide - Bradford Jacobs

Hiring Staff
in Japan

Hiring Staff
in Japan

The Main Sectors of the Japanese Economy

The country focuses on the following key sectors, which all have a significant impact on the country’s economy:

The service industry plays one of the most significant roles in the economy and accounts for approximately three-quarters of the total output in the economy. The major players in the service industry include real estate, insurance, retailing, banking, telecommunication, and transport, and some of the major players in the industry include companies such as Mitsubishi Estate, Mitsui Sumitomo, Mizuho, NTT, Softbank Japan airlines, and Nomura among many others.
Japan’s inbound tourism market has shown remarkable growth, with the number of foreign visitors traveling to Japan in 2019 reaching a record high of 31.88 million (2.2% more than the previous year), marking the seventh consecutive year of record high (See Figure 1).

In the same year, Japan earned about 46.1 billion USD in foreign tourist expenditure from visitors to Japan, moving the country to seventh place in the world, ahead of Germany and Australia. The travel and tourism sector contributed 359 billion USD to Japan’s GDP, making it the world’s third-largest market in this sector after the United States and China.

As per the WEF’s (World Economic Forum) Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019, Japan’s overall ranking came to be fourth after Spain, France, and Germany.

Agriculture in Japan plays a significant role and contributes approximately 1.4% of the national GDP and about 12% of the land in the country is appropriate for farming. The country lacks arable land, and therefore the terrace system is utilized in small areas.

As a result of these, Japan has the highest level of crop output per unit area in the world and a total agricultural self-sufficiency ratio of approximately 50% on less than 14 million acres of cultivated land.

The manufacturing industry in Japan is the most diversified with various advanced industries which are exceedingly successful. Japan has managed to become a leader in technological development in a wide range of fields of manufacturing which include semiconductors, consumer electronics, optical fibers, automobile manufacturing, optoelectronics, copy machines, facsimile, and optical media among others.

The country is also a leader in biochemistry and fermentation process in the food industry.

Some of the motor vehicles companies in Japan include Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Isuzu, and Subaru. There are also motorcycle companies like Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki, and Honda.

The Main Sectors of the Japanese Economy

The country focuses on the following key sectors, which all have a significant impact on the country’s economy:

The service industry plays one of the most significant roles in the economy and accounts for approximately three-quarters of the total output in the economy. The major players in the service industry include real estate, insurance, retailing, banking, telecommunication, and transport, and some of the major players in the industry include companies such as Mitsubishi Estate, Mitsui Sumitomo, Mizuho, NTT, Softbank Japan airlines, and Nomura among many others.
Japan’s inbound tourism market has shown remarkable growth, with the number of foreign visitors traveling to Japan in 2019 reaching a record high of 31.88 million (2.2% more than the previous year), marking the seventh consecutive year of record high (See Figure 1).

In the same year, Japan earned about 46.1 billion USD in foreign tourist expenditure from visitors to Japan, moving the country to seventh place in the world, ahead of Germany and Australia. The travel and tourism sector contributed 359 billion USD to Japan’s GDP, making it the world’s third-largest market in this sector after the United States and China.

As per the WEF’s (World Economic Forum) Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019, Japan’s overall ranking came to be fourth after Spain, France, and Germany.

Agriculture in Japan plays a significant role and contributes approximately 1.4% of the national GDP and about 12% of the land in the country is appropriate for farming. The country lacks arable land, and therefore the terrace system is utilized in small areas.

As a result of these, Japan has the highest level of crop output per unit area in the world and a total agricultural self-sufficiency ratio of approximately 50% on less than 14 million acres of cultivated land.

The manufacturing industry in Japan is the most diversified with various advanced industries which are exceedingly successful. Japan has managed to become a leader in technological development in a wide range of fields of manufacturing which include semiconductors, consumer electronics, optical fibers, automobile manufacturing, optoelectronics, copy machines, facsimile, and optical media among others.

The country is also a leader in biochemistry and fermentation process in the food industry.

Some of the motor vehicles companies in Japan include Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Isuzu, and Subaru. There are also motorcycle companies like Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki, and Honda.

Commercial Laws in
Japan

Taxation in Japan depends on residency, with individuals considered tax residents if they have lived in Japan for more than one year. A non-permanent resident is a non-Japanese citizen who has lived and worked there between one and five years in a 10-year period. They pay tax on locally earned income and foreign-earned income remitted into Japan.

A permanent resident is a Japanese individual or someone who has lived and worked in Japan for more than five years in a 10-year period and they pay tax on their Japanese and worldwide earnings.

Income tax withheld by employers is remitted to the National Tax Agency (Kokuzei-cho, NTA).

For further information on Payroll, Tax Contributions and Benefits, download our country guide for Japan

  • The National Tax Agency (国税庁, Kokuzei-chō, NTA) – the official tax collecting agency of Japan. National Tax Agency is responsible for fulfilling the responsibilities stipulated in Article 19 of the Law to Establish the Ministry of Finance, while paying due consideration to transparency and efficiency. To creating favorable environment for taxpayers:
    • NTA shall provide correct and easy-to-understand information on legal interpretation and administrative procedures for filing tax returns and paying taxes.
    • NTA shall quickly and accurately handle inquiries from taxpayers.
    • NTA shall endeavor to call on other ministries and citizens from all parts of society for their cooperation and participation in order to improve public understanding and support regarding the role of tax and tax administration.
  • Labor Standards Bureau (労働基準局, Rōdō Kijunkyoku)  – is a bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare responsible for maintaining work standards in Japan. It is tasked with securing and improving working conditions, ensuring the safety and health of workers, and is also responsible for managing Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance.

The employer-employee relationship is governed by the Labor Standards Law (LSL) and its Enforcement Ordinance, the Labor Standards Inspection Office (LSIO) with guidelines from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW).

These laws add up to an extremely protective environment for employees and employers will have to avoid many pitfalls in the ‘hiring and firing’ process. In drawing up their agreement, parties cannot ‘opt out’ of statutory or mandatory requirements of the law and some specific requirements should be considered:

  • It is not a legal requirement for employees to have a formal written contract, but employers must provide a written agreement detailing essential factors of the working relationship.
  • The agreement must include salary and payment schedule, working hours and vacation entitlement, termination and disciplinary procedures, grounds for dismissal.
  • The contract does not have to be in Japanese, but in the case of translations only the Japanese version may be legally valid.
  • Employee contracts are usually Permanent / Regular (Sei-sha-in) or Fixed-Term / Contract (Keiyaku-sha-in).
  • Employees continuously employed by the same employer on fixed-term contracts for more than five years are able to switch to a permanent contract under the ‘conversion rule’.
  • Where a company employs more than 10, workplace rules must be filed with the LSIO.

Commercial Laws in
Japan

Taxation in Japan depends on residency, with individuals considered tax residents if they have lived in Japan for more than one year. A non-permanent resident is a non-Japanese citizen who has lived and worked there between one and five years in a 10-year period. They pay tax on locally earned income and foreign-earned income remitted into Japan.

A permanent resident is a Japanese individual or someone who has lived and worked in Japan for more than five years in a 10-year period and they pay tax on their Japanese and worldwide earnings.

Income tax withheld by employers is remitted to the National Tax Agency (Kokuzei-cho, NTA).

For further information on Payroll, Tax Contributions and Benefits, download our country guide for Japan

  • The National Tax Agency (国税庁, Kokuzei-chō, NTA) – the official tax collecting agency of Japan. National Tax Agency is responsible for fulfilling the responsibilities stipulated in Article 19 of the Law to Establish the Ministry of Finance, while paying due consideration to transparency and efficiency. To creating favorable environment for taxpayers:
    • NTA shall provide correct and easy-to-understand information on legal interpretation and administrative procedures for filing tax returns and paying taxes.
    • NTA shall quickly and accurately handle inquiries from taxpayers.
    • NTA shall endeavor to call on other ministries and citizens from all parts of society for their cooperation and participation in order to improve public understanding and support regarding the role of tax and tax administration.
  • Labor Standards Bureau (労働基準局, Rōdō Kijunkyoku)  – is a bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare responsible for maintaining work standards in Japan. It is tasked with securing and improving working conditions, ensuring the safety and health of workers, and is also responsible for managing Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance.

The employer-employee relationship is governed by the Labor Standards Law (LSL) and its Enforcement Ordinance, the Labor Standards Inspection Office (LSIO) with guidelines from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW).

These laws add up to an extremely protective environment for employees and employers will have to avoid many pitfalls in the ‘hiring and firing’ process. In drawing up their agreement, parties cannot ‘opt out’ of statutory or mandatory requirements of the law and some specific requirements should be considered:

  • It is not a legal requirement for employees to have a formal written contract, but employers must provide a written agreement detailing essential factors of the working relationship.
  • The agreement must include salary and payment schedule, working hours and vacation entitlement, termination and disciplinary procedures, grounds for dismissal.
  • The contract does not have to be in Japanese, but in the case of translations only the Japanese version may be legally valid.
  • Employee contracts are usually Permanent / Regular (Sei-sha-in) or Fixed-Term / Contract (Keiyaku-sha-in).
  • Employees continuously employed by the same employer on fixed-term contracts for more than five years are able to switch to a permanent contract under the ‘conversion rule’.
  • Where a company employs more than 10, workplace rules must be filed with the LSIO.

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