Employing in Egypt

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Expanding into
Egypt

Global expansion is a step to make for any business, regardless of what you wish to achieve. The opportunities that can come with an expansion can be both incredibly exciting as well as intimidating and confusing, especially when you consider all the registration procedures that need to be done and the documentation required.

Hieroglyphs - Photo of a mysterious inscription in the stone from ancient Egypt
Hieroglyphs - Photo of a mysterious inscription in the stone from ancient Egypt

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Expanding into Egypt allows international companies to set foot into the Cradle of Civilisation. It is home to magnificent historical icons such as the Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza, with the estuary of the world’s longest navigable river, the Nile, on its Mediterranean coastline.

It is geographically and politically strategically placed in North Africa giving easy access to markets in Europe, the Middle East, and the rest of Africa with Asia within reach through the Suez Canal and the Red Sea.

Egypt is a popular destination for foreign workers, especially teachers, IT specialists, media personnel and the oil and gas industry.

Each new markets bring new challenges, and these can be worked through more efficiently and cost-effectively with the support of a Professional Employer Organisation (PEO) such as Bradford Jacobs, especially through our Employer of Record (EOR) framework.

This can be best utilised when businesses are just beginning their expansion process and require more information before committing to incorporating an entity and fully establishing themselves in that market.

Country EOR Guide - Bradford Jacobs

Download our Guide to Egypt

Learn all about expanding into Egypt and see what we can do to make your expansion easier.

Download our Guide to Egypt

Learn all about expanding into Egypt and see what we can do to make your expansion easier.

Country EOR Guide - Bradford Jacobs

Hiring Staff
in Egypt

Hiring Staff
in Egypt

The Main Sectors of the Egyptian Economy

The country focuses on the following key sectors, which all have a significant impact on the country’s economy:

The government aims to increase Egypt’s fertile area to 4.8 million hectares by 2030 through additional land reclamation. Even though only 3 per cent of the land is arable, it is highly productive and can be cropped twice annually.

El Nasr Automotive Manufacturing Company is Egypt’s state-owned automobile company. The company manufactures various vehicles under license including Kia and Peugeot. Other automobile manufacturers include Arab American Vehicles, Egy-Tech Engineering, Ghabbour Group, WAMCO, and MCV.

In 2021, Egypt ranked the 20th largest steel-producing country, producing 10.3 million tons. EZDK is the largest steel company in Egypt and the Middle East. It was ranked 77th on the list of the world’s largest steel companies by the World Steel Association in 2020, with a production of 4.57 million tons.
Textiles and clothing are one of the country’s largest manufacturing and exporting processes and a vast employment absorber. The Egyptian apparel industry is attractive for two reasons. Firstly, its proximity to European markets, and secondly, the production of garments that is a low-capital and high-labour-intensive industry.
The banking sector has gone through many stages since the establishment of the first bank in 1856, followed by the emergence of the private sector and joint venture banks during the Open Door Policy in the 1970s. The banking sector has been undergoing reforms, privatisation, and mergers and acquisitions from 1991 up to today.
The Egyptian tourism industry is one of the most critical sectors in the economy in terms of high employment and incoming foreign currency. It has many constituents of tourism, mainly historical attractions, especially in Cairo, Luxor and Aswan.
Egypt has long been the cultural and informational centre of the Arab world, and Cairo is the region’s largest publishing and broadcasting centre. Private sector companies operate in mobile telephony and Internet access.

The Main Sectors of the Egyptian Economy

The country focuses on the following key sectors, which all have a significant impact on the country’s economy:

papyrus of the dead ancient Egypt
The government aims to increase Egypt’s fertile area to 4.8 million hectares by 2030 through additional land reclamation. Even though only 3 per cent of the land is arable, it is highly productive and can be cropped twice annually.

El Nasr Automotive Manufacturing Company is Egypt’s state-owned automobile company. The company manufactures various vehicles under license including Kia and Peugeot. Other automobile manufacturers include Arab American Vehicles, Egy-Tech Engineering, Ghabbour Group, WAMCO, and MCV.

In 2021, Egypt ranked the 20th largest steel-producing country, producing 10.3 million tons. EZDK is the largest steel company in Egypt and the Middle East. It was ranked 77th on the list of the world’s largest steel companies by the World Steel Association in 2020, with a production of 4.57 million tons.
Textiles and clothing are one of the country’s largest manufacturing and exporting processes and a vast employment absorber. The Egyptian apparel industry is attractive for two reasons. Firstly, its proximity to European markets, and secondly, the production of garments that is a low-capital and high-labour-intensive industry.
The banking sector has gone through many stages since the establishment of the first bank in 1856, followed by the emergence of the private sector and joint venture banks during the Open Door Policy in the 1970s. The banking sector has been undergoing reforms, privatisation, and mergers and acquisitions from 1991 up to today.
The Egyptian tourism industry is one of the most critical sectors in the economy in terms of high employment and incoming foreign currency. It has many constituents of tourism, mainly historical attractions, especially in Cairo, Luxor and Aswan.
Egypt has long been the cultural and informational centre of the Arab world, and Cairo is the region’s largest publishing and broadcasting centre. Private sector companies operate in mobile telephony and Internet access.

Commercial Laws in Egypt

The Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA) –  Established in 2006 by a presidential decree merging
the General Tax and Sales Tax Departments. The Egyptian Tax Authority is the competent
authority to collect taxes in Egypt.

Labour Law No. 12 – Employment legislation in Egypt is covered mainly by the Labour Law, officially Labour Law No. 12 (2003). The Law covers virtually all relationships where the employer is an Egyptian individual or Egyptian-incorporated entity and applies to all local and foreign employees. Therefore subsidiaries, branches or other entities established by foreign companies in Egypt come under
the Labour Law and must comply with its provisions.

Any areas falling outside the scope of the Labour Law can come under the Egyptian Civil Code and the Egyptian Social Insurance Law of 1975. In April 2022 Egypt’s Senate began drafting amendments to the 2003 Labour Law which could change various aspects of the employment relationship.

General requirements

  • Draw up employment contracts in Arabic with copies for the employer, the employee and the local office of the National Authority for Social Insurance.
  • The contract can be either indefinite or fixed-term.
  • Register employees with relevant local authority providing contract, ID/passport, educational qualifications, Form (1) for social insurance, birth certificate and work permit, where required.
  • Register employees with the relevant Tax Authority office of the Ministry of Finance and obtain their Tax Identification Number.
  • Remit employees’ contributions for tax and social insurance by the 15th of the following month and submit employees’ reconciliations for gross income and tax paid by January 1 following the financial year, which runs from January 1 till December 31.
  • Keeping employees’ employment records and payroll accounts for a minimum of five years.

Commercial Laws in Egypt

Sunset overlooking Cairo city, Egypt
The Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA) –  Established in 2006 by a presidential decree merging
the General Tax and Sales Tax Departments. The Egyptian Tax Authority is the competent
authority to collect taxes in Egypt.

Labour Law No. 12 – Employment legislation in Egypt is covered mainly by the Labour Law, officially Labour Law No. 12 (2003). The Law covers virtually all relationships where the employer is an Egyptian individual or Egyptian-incorporated entity and applies to all local and foreign employees. Therefore subsidiaries, branches or other entities established by foreign companies in Egypt come under
the Labour Law and must comply with its provisions.

Any areas falling outside the scope of the Labour Law can come under the Egyptian Civil Code and the Egyptian Social Insurance Law of 1975. In April 2022 Egypt’s Senate began drafting amendments to the 2003 Labour Law which could change various aspects of the employment relationship.

General requirements

  • Draw up employment contracts in Arabic with copies for the employer, the employee and the local office of the National Authority for Social Insurance.
  • The contract can be either indefinite or fixed-term.
  • Register employees with relevant local authority providing contract, ID/passport, educational qualifications, Form (1) for social insurance, birth certificate and work permit, where required.
  • Register employees with the relevant Tax Authority office of the Ministry of Finance and obtain their Tax Identification Number.
  • Remit employees’ contributions for tax and social insurance by the 15th of the following month and submit employees’ reconciliations for gross income and tax paid by January 1 following the financial year, which runs from January 1 till December 31.
  • Keeping employees’ employment records and payroll accounts for a minimum of five years.

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